ANALISIS YURIDIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KOMANDO DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN HUKUM NASIONAL

Abstract

Abstrak
Pertanggungjawaban komando ditinjau dari hukum internasional dan hukum nasional adalah suatu mekanisme yang mengatur tanggungjawab para atasan (komando) atas tindakan yang dilakukan oleh bawahannya. Pertanggungjawaban komando melibatkan pertimbangan tentang sejauh mana pemimpin, perwira, atau pejabat militer bertanggungjawab atas tindakan bawahannya. Dalam hukum internasional, pertanggungjawaban komando dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai instrumen hukum seperti Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan I Konvensi Jenewa 1949. Dalam hukum nasional Pertanggungjawab komando ditemukan dalam UU No. 26 tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM di Indonesia. Pertanggungjawaban komando bertujuan untuk mencegah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, serta memastikan bahwa para atasan bertanggungjawab atas tindakan bawahannya sebagai bagian dari suatu komando atau struktur komando. Pertanggungjawaban komando mengacu pada tanggungjawab hukum yang diterapkan pada individu yang bertanggungjawab atas tindakan yang melanggar hukum perang, kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, atau pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Pertanggungjawaban ini terkait erat dengan struktur komando dan kontrol, dimana pembuat kebijakan atau komandan bisa dianggap bertanggungjawab atas tindakan bawahan mereka yang melanggar hukum, terlepas dari apakah mereka secara langsung atau tidak terlibat dalam tindakan tersebut.

Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban komando, Hukum Internasional, Hukum Nasional, Pelanggaran HAM

Abstract
Command accountability in terms of international law and national law is a mechanism that regulates the responsibility of superiors (commands) for actions carried out by their subordinates. Command accountability involves consideration of the extent to which the leader, officer, or military official is responsible for the actions of his subordinates. In international law, command accountability can be found in various legal instruments such as the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. In national law Command accountability is found in Law No. 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts in Indonesia. Command accountability aims to prevent human rights violations and crimes against humanity, and ensure that superiors are held accountable for the actions of their subordinates as part of a command or secondary data. It can be concluded that additional punishment for demotion can be applied as an alternative to dismissal as long as the TNI can make a regulation in the form of a Government Regulation or the Commander of the TNI or perhaps it can also be included in Article 28 of the Military Criminal Code regarding how long a person holds his new rank and how the process is carried out. can hold the old rank. For TNI Soldiers who have been demoted, it can be applied one level lower than their original rank, so that it is hoped that there will not be many more Soldiers who are fired and lose their jobs which have an effect on their personal and family lives because for Soldiers, rank is an honor.

Keywords : Command Accountability, International Law, National Law, Human Rights Violations